Welcome to the Heterocycles category, where we explore the fascinating world of ring structures containing atoms other than carbon. Delve into the diverse array of heterocyclic compounds, such as pyridines, furans, thiophenes, and more. Discover the unique properties and applications of these compounds in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science.
What are imidazoles? The imidazoles are nitrogenated heterocycles, with two nitrogens in positions 1 and 3. They are planar and have a significant resonance energy, somewhat higher than that of the pyrrole. The imidazole system can act both as a base and as an acid. Free imidazole is a moderately strong organic base (pKa7.0). It … Read more
What are indoles? The indole unit occurs in nature in a great variety of structures. Thus, more than 100 alkaloids derived from indole are known. In addition, many of these natural compounds have a relevant physiological activity, for example, in the treatment of leukemia and cancer. Indole is a volatile crystalline solid with a melting … Read more
What are 7-membered unsaturated heterocycles? The 7-membered unsaturated heterocycles with a nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atom are systematically named azepines, oxepines and thiepines, respectively. fig-00 Only thiepines with bulky substituents are known but both oxepine and 1H-azepine have been synthesized. 1H-azepine and the oxepine are not flat and there is no evidence that they are … Read more
What are 4-membered heterocycles ? Four-membered heterocycles show less ring strain than the 3-membered rings and therefore have fewer applications as synthetic intermediates. These heterocycles are less frequent due to the difficulty of preparing 4-membered rings. They exhibit different properties from the major and minor rings. fig-01 The three compounds in the figure (oxetane, azetidine … Read more
