Welcome to the Problems with Solutions category, where we provide a collection of challenging problems across various scientific disciplines along with their detailed solutions. Sharpen your analytical skills and problem-solving abilities by tackling complex puzzles and thought-provoking scenarios. Explore topics ranging from mathematics and physics to chemistry and computer science. Engage in stimulating exercises that will expand your knowledge and provide step-by-step solutions to guide your understanding. Challenge yourself and embark on a rewarding journey of problem-solving proficiency within this category.
Go to the page with the list of problems. Organic Synthesis – solutions to problems The solutions to these Organic Synthesis problems are neither unique nor exclusive, the ones listed are some of the possible ones. Solution 1: The key to this synthesis is in the chain elongation, for this the chosen strategy is the … Read more
Go to the page with the solutions to the problems. Organic Synthesis – list of problems The following list of Organic Synthesis problems deals with the three aspects described below: Reactivity of molecules with more than one functional group. Synthetic sequences involving the chemistry of different functional groups. Preparation of molecules from fragments with a … Read more
Go to the page with the list of problems. Enolates – solutions to problems Solution 1: The first two exercises correspond to an aldol condensation and Claisen condensation, respectively, giving rise to the same compound. In case of high temperature or traces of acid, the elimination of a water molecule and the formation of a … Read more
Go to the page with the solutions to the problems. Enolates – list of problems Problem 1) Complete the following reactions: Problem 2) What reactants are necessary to perform the following transformations? Problem 3) Complete the following reactions: Problem 4) Using cross aldol condensation reactions, what compounds would we need to prepare the following products? … Read more
Go to the page with the list of problems. Carboxylic acids and derivatives – solutions to the problems. Solution 1: The acidity in carboxylic acids increases with the presence of electron-attracting groups close to the carboxyl group, since on the one hand they weaken the O-H bond, which helps to release a proton, and on … Read more
Go to the page with the solutions to the problems. Carboxylic acids and derivatives – problem list Problem 1) Rank in increasing order of acidity the following series of carboxylic acids. a) HCOOH, CH3-CH2-COOH, CH3-COOH b) CH3-COOH, CCl3-COOH, CHCl2-COOH, CH2Cl-COOH c) CH3-COOH, CH2F-COOH, CH2Br-COOH, CH2Cl-COOH d) CH3-CH2-COOH, CH2Cl-CH2-COOH, CH3-CHCl-COOH Problem 2) Represent the resonant structures … Read more
Go to the page with the list of problems. Aldehydes and Ketones – solutions to problems. Solution 1: a) Hydration of an aldehyde or ketone results in the formation of the corresponding hydrate. b) Reduction produces the corresponding alcohol. c) Grignard compounds add nucleophilically to aldehydes producing secondary alcohols. d) Primary amines add to ketones … Read more
Go to the page with the solutions to the problems. Aldehydes and Ketones – problem list Problem 1) Identify the product obtained in each of the following reactions: Problem 2) Indicate the reagent needed to carry out the following transformations: Problem 3) Complete the following reactions: Problem 4) Choose the appropriate carbonyl compound to obtain … Read more
Go to the page with the list of problems. Amines – solutions to problems Solution 1: Nitrogen in primary amines presents valence 3 and is bound to two protons, therefore compound e) and h) correspond to this type of amines. In secondary amines also nitrogen has valence 3 but with only one hydrogen, as in … Read more
Go to the page with the solutions to the problems. Amines – list of problems Problem 1) Classify the following compounds (a-h) as primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts, as appropriate. Problem 2) Complete the following Gabriel syntheses (a-c). Problem 3) Order in increasing order of basicity the following compounds, justifying the … Read more
