Reaction of benzaldehyde with oxone

Written by J.A Dobado | Last Updated on April 22, 2024

Objective

To perform the oxidation of an aldehyde to carboxylic acid, avoiding the use of transition metals (Cr, Mn, etc.), specifically the oxidation by Oxone®.

Reaction of aldehyde with Oxone® - general reaction scheme
General reaction of aldehyde with Oxone® to yield carboxylic acid

Background

Oxone® is the trade name of a triple salt with a molecular mass of 614 g/mol, formed by potassium peroxymonosulfate (KHSO5), potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHSO4), and sulfate potassium (K2SO4) in a 2:1:1 ratio, respectively. The strongly oxidizing character of this product is given by the presence of KHSO5, which can oxidize numerous compounds such as alkenes (transforming terminal alkenes into epoxides) or transforming aldehydes to yield carboxylic acid. Using Oxone®, oxidants such as transition metals (Cr and Mn) are avoided, and the procedure has a lower environmental impact.

Experimental procedure

To a 50 ml round-bottom flask, add 1.0 g of benzaldehyde, 7.25 g of Oxone®, and 25 ml of deionized water. Attach a water condenser (reflux) to the flask, and heat in a water bath at 60 ºC for 75 min with magnetic stirring.

Reaction of aldehyde with Oxone® to yield benzoic acid - general reaction scheme
Reaction of benzaldehyde with Oxone® to yield benzoic acid

Afterward, cool the reaction in an ice bath for 15 min until a precipitate appears. Filter the solid under vacuum, and if necessary, drag the remaining solid residues in the flask with the minimum amount of water. Finally, flush the solid in a Büchner with 10 ml of cold water. Dry the solid by pressing it between two pieces of filter paper, weigh it, and determine the yield. Recrystallize the benzoic acid from water and determine the melting point (m.p.).

Physico-chemical properties

This table collects data for the molecular weight (Mw), melting point (M.p.) boiling point (B.p.) and density of the reactives and compounds used in this laboratory experiment.

Name Mw (g/mol) M.p. (ºC) B.p. (ºC) Density (g/ml)
Benzaldehyde106.12-26178-1791.044
Oxone®614.78 - - -

GHS pictograms

Hazard pictograms form part of the international Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) and are collected in the followinf Table for the chemical compounds used in this experiment.

Name GHS
Benzaldehyde ghs07  Warning Toxic cat. 4 Irritant cat. 2 or 3 Lower systemic health hazards pictogram
Oxone® ghs03  Danger Warning Oxidizing pictogram ghs05  Danger Warning Corrosive cat. 1 pictogram ghs07  Warning Toxic cat. 4 Irritant cat. 2 or 3 Lower systemic health hazards pictogram ghs08  Danger Warning Systemic health hazards pictogram

International Chemical Identifier

The IUPAC InChI key identifiers for the main compounds used in this experiment are provided to facilitate the nomenclature and formulation of chemical compounds and the search for information on the Internet for these compounds.

BenzaldehydeHUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Oxone®HJKYXKSLRZKNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-I

References

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