Step into the Generalities in Chemistry, where the foundations of this diverse field are explored. Delve into the fundamental principles and concepts that underpin the study of matter and its transformations. From atomic structure and chemical bonding to states of matter and chemical reactions, uncover the key elements that shape our understanding of chemistry. Embark on a journey of discovery as you unravel the secrets and intricacies of this fascinating science.
What are acid-base titrations? When to a given amount of a solution of an acid is added an equivalent amount of a solution of a base, the equivalence point is reached, i.e., the number of equivalents of acid is equal to the number of equivalents of base. In the case of a neutralization reaction between … Read more
What are colloids? A colloid is a microheterogeneous system in which a component has dimensions in the range of 1 nanometer (10-9 m) to 1 micron (10-6 m). This makes the ratio of area to volume (A/V) exceptionally large, so they have a lot of surface energy which confers instabilities and therefore tend to aggregate. … Read more
What is Chirality? Two molecules are chiral when they are not superimposable to their mirror image. Moreover, chirality is essential for two molecules to be enantiomers. Two achiral molecules cannot be enantiomers. Lord Kelvin (William Thomson) in 1893, defined chirality as: “I call chiral and say that any geometric figure, or any group of points, … Read more
What is molecular mass? The molecular mass (m) (relative molecular mass or formula weight) is the mass of a given molecule in a chemical compound. This mass is measured in units of atomic mass (u) or also called Dalton (Da). Because different molecules of the same compound can have different isotopes of an element, the … Read more
What is Green Chemistry? Chemistry is a science that makes an unquestionable contribution to improving the quality of life and the well-being of mankind, devising imaginative solutions in fields as diverse as the preparation of pharmaceuticals. Thus, the discoveries carried out with chemistry have made it possible to fight effectively against a multitude of diseases. … Read more
Oxidation-reduction concept Initially, these processes were understood as follows: Oxidation: addition of oxygen to a substance. Reduction: Loss of oxygen from a compound, resulting in a reduction in mass: If the reaction of zinc in the first process is compared with the following: It can be seen that the following transformation has taken place in … Read more
What are the colligative properties of solutions? When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, some properties of this solvent are modified, such as vapor pressure, boiling point, melting point and osmotic pressure. These properties are known as colligative properties. The extent to which these modifications occur will depend on both the concentration and the … Read more
What is electronegativity? The concept of electronegativity is originated from the experimental observation, for example, elements such as chlorine and fluoride exhibit a very strong tendency to give negative ions. On the other hand, other elements in group I, as there are electronegative, and is best described as electropositive (tendency to form positive ions). This … Read more
What is the oxidation number? The oxidation number also known as oxidation state is the fictitious electrical charge that is assigned to an atom. It is used to indicate the possible net charge of the same, and a possible method of accounting of electrons. For example, it is used to know whether a reaction is redox … Read more
What is an acid-base indicator? An acid-base indicator is an organic substance that changes color when the pH of the medium in which it is found changes. They are generally weak acids or bases whose dissociation equilibrium is shifted to the left or to the right depending on the [H+] and that present different color … Read more
