Welcome to the Nomenclature category, where the language of chemistry comes alive. Dive into the world of chemical naming conventions and classifications. Explore the rules and guidelines for systematically naming compounds, from simple inorganic substances to complex organic molecules. Discover the significance of prefixes, suffixes, and functional groups in deciphering chemical structures. Unravel the mysteries of IUPAC nomenclature and gain confidence in accurately identifying and communicating chemical entities. Enhance your understanding of the language of chemistry in this informative category.
Hantzsch-Widman system The Hantzsch-Widman system is the most common system for naming heterocycles, especially aromatics, and is a hybrid between trivial and systematic names using standard prefixes and suffixes. In this system the prefix indicates the type or types of heteroatoms that form the heterocycle. The suffix indicates the size of the ring, whether or … Read more
What are sulfenic, sulfinic and sulfonic acids? Sulfenic, sulfinic, and sulfonic acids are all types of sulfur-containing acids that are characterized by the presence of a sulfur atom bonded to oxygen atoms. These acids are named according to the number and type of oxygen atoms that are bonded to the sulfur atom. Sulfenic acids are … Read more
What is the nomenclature of nitriles? Nitriles are compounds that contain a carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen atom through a triple bond, which is represented by the formula R-C≡N (IUPAC recommendation C-831.1). The R group can be a variety of different functional groups, such as an alkyl group or an aryl group. Nitriles are … Read more
Thiols[1] have the functional group consisting of a sulfur and a hydrogen SH bonded to a radical (recommendation C-511.1). Where R represents an alkyl group or other organic substituent. Thiols have traditionally been called mercaptans.[1] They are named analogously to the IUPAC form of alcohols (-OH), the –SH group is also called sulfhydryl. For example, … Read more
They have the grouping >SO and >SO2, respectively (recommendation C-631.1). The name is constructed from the radicals attached to the sulfur, followed by the word Sulfoxide and Sulfone, respectively. Return to the page naming mono-functional compounds.
Compounds with the R-COOOH functional group are called peroxyacids (recommendation C-441.1). The name of the compound is constructed from the name of the carboxylic acid with the same number of carbon atoms preceded by the prefix peroxy–. The common names of the acids preceded by the prefix per– are allowed. In diacids the prefixes monoperoxy– … Read more
Compounds containing the –NO group are named with the prefix nitroso followed by the hydrocarbon of the same number of carbons (recommendation C-851.1), while those with the –NO2 group are named as nitro followed by the hydrocarbon of the same number of carbons (recommendation C-852-1). Return to the page naming mono-functional compounds.
Ketones represent the >C=O (carbonyl) grouping (recommendation C-311.1). Substitutive nomenclature: they are named as the hydrocarbon with the same number of carbon atoms ending in –one (recommendation C-311.1). Radical-functional nomenclature: the names of the radicals attached to the >C=O group, ending in the word ketone, are named in alphabetical order (recommendation C-311.2). When the >C=O … Read more
They are considered derivatives of the inorganic compound hydroxylamine, NH2-OH. Therefore, the nomenclature is made by indicating the groups attached to nitrogen or oxygen by N– or O-, respectively (recommendations C-841.1 and C-841.2). E.g.: N-methylhydroxylamine, CH3-NH-OH, O-methylhydroxylamine, NH2-O-CH3. Return to the page naming mono-functional compounds. Video about the Nomenclature of Hydroxylamines
These are compounds derived from hydrazine, NH2-NH2, in which one or both nitrogens are substituted. They are named as substitution products of hydrazine, or with the prefix hydrazino– (recommendation C-921.1). The locators 1 and 2 are used to indicate substitutions, or N and N’. Return to the page naming mono-functional compounds. Video about the Nomenclature … Read more
