Welcome to our Lab category, a haven for scientific exploration and experimentation. Step into the world of hands-on discovery where theory meets practice. Unleash your curiosity as we delve into laboratory techniques, equipment, safety protocols, and experimental procedures. From conducting chemical analyses to synthesizing compounds, this category provides valuable insights and resources to enhance your laboratory skills. Immerse yourself in the exciting realm of scientific investigation and unlock the wonders of the lab today.
Objective of Aspirin Synthesis: Purpose and Application The purpose of this experiment is to familiarize the students with the reaction of esterification getting aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) from the salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. 3D structure Historical and Scientific Background of Aspirin Synthesis Acetylsalicylic acid is marketed under the name of aspirin for the … Read more
What is Lassaigne’s test? Lassaigne’s test (sodium fusion test) is one of the most widely used methods (in qualitative organic qualitative analysis) for the determination of nitrogen in organic compounds. In addition, it can be used for the determination of sulfur, halogens and phosphorus. Briefly, in the Lassaigne’s, the substance to be examined is melted … Read more
Objetives Perform an electrophilic aromatic SEAr substitution reaction, particularly a Friedel-Craft alkylation in tert-butylbenzene. Background The Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of aromatic rings is a C-C bond forming reaction, which often uses alkyl halides (R-X) as alkylating agents and a Lewis acid (AlCl3) as catalyst. However, this reaction has some limitations since, firstly, the primary alkyl … Read more
Objective The purpose of this experiment is to perform a Claisen-Schmidt condensation. That is, a cross aldol condensation between a non-enolizable aldehyde and an enolizable ketone. Background Claisen-Schmidt condensation is a type of aldol condensation, which consists of the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones by condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with a ketone. As the aromatic … Read more
Objective Students will familiarized with the strict anhydrous conditions involved in the use of Grignard reagents, and in this case for obtaining benzoic acid by the carbonation reaction of a Grignard reagents. Background One of the most popular methods of forming C-C bonds in organic synthesis is through the use of Grignard reagents (Nobel Prize in … Read more
What is Lab equipment? The work in the laboratory requires the use of different tools that enable an efficient execution and basic techniques. There are in the market a great variety of designs and materials adapted to each type of task, which can be classified such material in very different ways. Below, we describe a … Read more
What is GHS system ? In an attempt to standardize and harmonize the classification and labeling of chemicals worldwide, the United Nations proposes the so-called Globally Harmonized System (GHS).[1] The aim is to develop a worldwide approach to the classification and labeling of chemicals. As well as a set of harmonized criteria on the hazard of … Read more
Objetives Synthesis of 2-aminobenzoic acid (anthranilic acid) from phthalimide by a bromine-promoted Hofmann transposition reaction in basic medium. Background The Hofmann transposition of an amide to form an amine with loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) is an example of a reaction in which alkyl or aryl groups migrate to electron-deficient nitrogen atoms. Other examples of … Read more
What is solid-liquid extraction? Soxhlet extraction[1] (or solid-liquid extraction) is used for the isolation of compounds present in a solid, using a liquid solvent. For example, extraction of active principles (medicinal principles) from plants, in natural products chemistry. Although, extracting a compound from a solid with a liquid can, in principle, be done by simple … Read more
Objective The purpose of this experiment is to obtain an asymmetric ether of industrial interest from naphthalen-2-ol (β-naphthol) using two synthetic methods. Background Ethers can be obtained from alcohols by nucleophilic substitution reactions (SN2). 2-methoxynaphthalene (β-naphthyl methyl ether) is a white solid with a melting point of 73 °C and is known commercially as neroline. … Read more
