Welcome to our Lab category, a haven for scientific exploration and experimentation. Step into the world of hands-on discovery where theory meets practice. Unleash your curiosity as we delve into laboratory techniques, equipment, safety protocols, and experimental procedures. From conducting chemical analyses to synthesizing compounds, this category provides valuable insights and resources to enhance your laboratory skills. Immerse yourself in the exciting realm of scientific investigation and unlock the wonders of the lab today.
Objective In this experiment, the three-step synthesis of paracetamol (p-acetamidophenol) from phenol is carried out. 3D structure Background paracetamol (p-acetaminophenol) is a crystalline solid with a melting point of 169-171 ºC that is used as an analgesic and antipyretic, although it has no significant anti-inflammatory action. Commercially it appears under different names: Commercially it appears under various names … Read more
Objective Synthesize a dye, in this case Martius yellow (or acid yellow 24) by indirect nitration of α-naphthol (1-naphthol), to obtain the dinitrated compound. This is successive sulfonation and nitration reactions. In addition, form the salt of the dinitrated compound with ammonium hydroxide to obtain the aforementioned dye. Background Martius yellow dye was discovered in 1868 by Karl Alexander von … Read more
Objective The objective consists of performing a Claisen condensation between two molecules of an ester (ethyl acetate) to form a β-ketoester (ethyl acetoacetate). Background Ester enolates undergo addition-elimination reactions with other ester functions giving rise to β-ketoesters. These transformations, known as Claisen condensations, can occur between the same or different ester molecules. The formation of enolates involves the use of strong bases … Read more
Objective of the experiment The purpose of the experiment is to become familiar with the methods of synthesis of dyes of the phthaleins type. The synthesis is carried out by condensation of phthalic anhydride with phenol, and involves an (acid-catalyzed) reaction of electrophilic aromatic substitution SEAr. The phenolphthalein is purified by recrystallization of the final product. Once recrystallized, the behavior of phenolphthalein, as an … Read more
Objetive To carry out the synthesis of creatine from the sarcosine molecule (N-methylglycine). Background Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates, and helps to supply energy to all cells in the body, primarily muscle, playing a key role in muscle energy metabolism. It is produced in the liver, pancreas, and kidneys … Read more
Objective The aim of this experiment (the synthesis of p-nitroaniline) is to familiarize the student with the concept of protective group. In this laboratory experiment, reactions of protection/deprotection of an amino group will be performed. In this way, reactions such as nitration, which require strongly acidic conditions and to which an amino group is sensitive, will be … Read more
Methods of Measuring Liquids Weighing Solids Weighing solids and liquids is a common practice in a variety of fields, including science, industry, and everyday life. One of the first techniques students should become familiar with in the laboratory is weighing substances to carry out chemical reactions with the required amounts. In addition, it is essential … Read more
What is filtration? Filtration it is the procedure by which separates a solid in suspension in a liquid. It is used to remove solid impurities or contaminants from a solution or to isolate an chemical solid. In the Chemistry Laboratory, there are two main types of filtration, gravity filtration and vacuum filtration or suction. There are … Read more
