Enter the realm of Organic Compounds, where the diverse and intricate world of carbon-based molecules awaits exploration. Immerse yourself in the study of organic chemistry, unraveling the structures, properties, and reactions of these fascinating compounds. Discover the vast array of functional groups, isomerism, and stereochemistry that define organic molecules. Explore the applications of organic compounds in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, polymers, and biochemistry. Unlock the secrets of this dynamic branch of chemistry and witness the wonders of organic compounds.
Haloalkanes (or alkyl halides) have the general formula R-X, where X is F, Cl, Br, or I. Naming a substitute: are named with the prefix fluoro-, chlorine-, bromine-, iodine– followed by the name of the hydrocarbon with the same number of carbons as the radical to which it is attached (recommendation C-102.1). Nomenclature radical-function: are named … Read more
The sulfides are the equivalent of ethers but with a sulfur atom instead of oxygen, therefore, they have the R-S-R’ grouping (recommendation C-514.1), being symmetrical when R=R’. They are named analogously to ethers. Substitutive nomenclature using the prefixes alkylthio– or arylthio-, or radical-functional nomenclature using the word sulfide instead of ether, or the word thio– … Read more
The generic name of the aromatic hydrocarbons mono-and polycyclic is arenes and the radicals derived from these are called radical aryl. The first term of the series is the benzene (C6H6) (recommendation A-11.3). When on the benzene ring there is a substituent, the hydrocarbon is named by prepending the name of the radical, followed by … Read more
They have at least one -C≡C- triple bond. They are named with the prefix of the hydrocarbon with the same number of carbons ending in –yne (recommendation A-3.2). The first term of the series (ethynyl) retains the common name acetylene (C2H2). Groups derived from the alkynes are named as the hydrocarbon of equal number of … Read more
How are alcohols named? The IUPAC allows several nomenclature systems for the alcohols listed below: Substitutive nomenclature: it is named with the prefix indicating the number of carbons followed by the termination –ol (recommendation C-201.1). To place the function in a chain, the lowest locator is used. Radical-function nomenclature (only applicable to simple alcohols): this … Read more
How are carboxylic acid anhydrides named according to IUPAC? Carboxylic acid anhydride functional group is produced when two organic carboxylic acids combine and lose a water molecule. They are products of the dehydration of two carboxylic acids and the word anhydride means without water. When reacted again with water (hydrolysis reaction) they again form the … Read more
Nomenclature of linear ethers They have the R-O-R’ or Ar-O-Ar’ functional group (recommendation C-211.1). There are two types of nomenclature and depending on the complexity of the ether, one type predominates over the other. Substitutive nomenclature: the chain with the lowest number of carbons is named as the alkoxy substituent, followed by the name of … Read more
