Organic Chemistry

Go to the page with the solutions to the problems. Enolates – list of problems Problem 1) Complete the following reactions: Problem 2) What reactants are necessary to perform the following transformations? Problem 3) Complete the following reactions: Problem 4) Using cross aldol condensation reactions, what compounds would we need to prepare the following products? … Read more

Go to the page with the list of problems. Carboxylic acids and derivatives – solutions to the problems. Solution 1: The acidity in carboxylic acids increases with the presence of electron-attracting groups close to the carboxyl group, since on the one hand they weaken the O-H bond, which helps to release a proton, and on … Read more

Go to the page with the solutions to the problems. Carboxylic acids and derivatives – problem list Problem 1) Rank in increasing order of acidity the following series of carboxylic acids. a) HCOOH, CH3-CH2-COOH, CH3-COOH b) CH3-COOH, CCl3-COOH, CHCl2-COOH, CH2Cl-COOH c) CH3-COOH, CH2F-COOH, CH2Br-COOH, CH2Cl-COOH d) CH3-CH2-COOH, CH2Cl-CH2-COOH, CH3-CHCl-COOH Problem 2) Represent the resonant structures … Read more

Go to the page with the list of problems. Aldehydes and Ketones – solutions to problems. Solution 1: a) Hydration of an aldehyde or ketone results in the formation of the corresponding hydrate. b) Reduction produces the corresponding alcohol. c) Grignard compounds add nucleophilically to aldehydes producing secondary alcohols. d) Primary amines add to ketones … Read more

Go to the page with the solutions to the problems. Aldehydes and Ketones – problem list Problem 1) Identify the product obtained in each of the following reactions: Problem 2) Indicate the reagent needed to carry out the following transformations: Problem 3) Complete the following reactions: Problem 4) Choose the appropriate carbonyl compound to obtain … Read more

Go to the page with the list of problems. Amines – solutions to problems Solution 1: Nitrogen in primary amines presents valence 3 and is bound to two protons, therefore compound e) and h) correspond to this type of amines. In secondary amines also nitrogen has valence 3 but with only one hydrogen, as in … Read more

Go to the page with the solutions to the problems. Amines – list of problems Problem 1) Classify the following compounds (a-h) as primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts, as appropriate. Problem 2) Complete the following Gabriel syntheses (a-c). Problem 3) Order in increasing order of basicity the following compounds, justifying the … Read more

Go to the page with the list of problems. Transformations in Substituted Aromatic Compounds – solutions to problems Solution 1: The key to both transformations will be the functionalization of the benzyl position and the best way to achieve this is by radical halogenation, elimination with alcoholic potash will produce styrene a) and nucleophilic substitution … Read more

Go to the page with the solutions to the problems. Transformations in Substituted Aromatic Compounds – problem list Problem 1) Propose a method for the preparation of styrene (vinylbenzene) and acetophenone (phenylmethylketone) from ethyl benzene. Problem 2) Describe the result of treating 3-methylphenol, with potassium dichromate in the presence of sulfuric acid. Problem 3) Prepare … Read more

Go to the page with the list of problems. Aromatic Substitution Reactions in Benzene and Benzene Derivatives – solutions to problems Solution 1: Assuming that all the structures shown are planar, cyclic and conjugated, the next condition to be fulfilled for them to be aromatic is Hückel’s rule (4n+2) i.e. they must present 2,6,10,14,18, etc.. … Read more