Welcome to the Named Reactions category, where we explore the significant transformations in organic chemistry that bear the names of renowned chemists. Dive into the rich history and fundamental mechanisms behind reactions such as the Grignard reaction, Diels-Alder reaction, and Heck reaction, among others. Uncover the applications, limitations, and synthetic utility of these named reactions in organic synthesis. Discover how these reactions have shaped the field of organic chemistry and continue to inspire innovation. Embark on a journey through the world of named reactions and unlock the secrets of their chemical transformations.
What is Zerewitinoff determination? The Zerewitinoff determination is a method to quantitatively determine the active hydrogens in a chemical substance by adding methylmagnesium iodide in pentyl ether to the solution of substrate and measuring the volume of gaseous methane evolved. The reaction was first reported by Chugaev and subsequently extended by Zerewitinoff. The method is … Read more
What is Zemplén deacetylation? The Zemplén deacetylation is a reaction that was first reported by Zemplén and Kuntz in 1924. It is a useful method for the removal of O-acetyl protecting groups of carbohydrates, and it is performed by treating the O-acetylated substrates with a catalytic amount of sodium methoxide in methanol at room temperature. … Read more
What is Skraup quinoline synthesis? The Skraup quinoline synthesis, also known as Skraup reaction or Skraup synthesis, is a chemical process for synthesizing quinoline derivatives from primary aromatic amines, glycerol, and an oxidizing agent in concentrated sulfuric acid H2SO4. While most primary aromatic amines react under Skraup reaction conditions, the initial Skraup protocol yields a low … Read more
What is Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein transformation? The Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein reaction, discovered in 1895, involves the reciprocal conversion of carbohydrates to their isomers in an alkaline solution, with the help of an enediolic intermediate. The reaction is named after its discoverers, and is also known by other names such as the … Read more
What is Kuhn-Roth oxidation? The Kuhn-Roth reaction, developed in 1933, is a method used for quantifying the number of methyl groups attached to the carbon atom in an organic molecule. This involves the oxidation of the organic compound with chromic acid H2CrO4 and sulfuric acid H2SO4, followed by steam distillation to collect the acetic acid … Read more
What is Claisen-Schmidt condensation? The Claisen-Schmidt condensation is a reaction that was first reported by Claisen (University of Bonn) and Schmidt (ETH Zurich) in 1881. It involves the condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a base or an acid to form an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone … Read more
What is Traube purine synthesis? The Traube reaction, also known as the Traube purine synthesis, is a method for synthesizing purine derivatives from 4-amino-6-hydroxypyrimidine or 4,6-diaminopyrimidine. The reaction involves introducing the amino group into the 5-position of the pyrimidines through nitrosation and reduction with ammonium sulfide (NH4)2S. Ring closure is achieved using either formic acid … Read more
What is Bakelite process? Phenol alcohol, also known as orthohydroxy benzyl alcohol, oxybenzylalcohol, or saligenin, was first isolated by Piria in 1843. When heated, it can be converted into a resin known as “saliretins.” The reaction between phenol and aldehyde was first reported by von Baeyer (Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905) in 1872, who used … Read more
What is Freund reaction? The Freund reaction is a process used to create alicyclic hydrocarbons by treating open chain dihalo compounds with sodium. When zinc is used instead of sodium, the reaction is known as the Gustavson reaction. In addition, the Hass cyclopropane process involves the cyclization of 1,3-dichloropropane obtained from the chlorination of propane … Read more
What is Ciamician-Dennstedt rearrangement? The Ciamician-Dennstedt rearrangement is a chemical reaction that involves the transformation of a pyrrole ring (a five-membered ring) into a six-membered ring by heating it in an alkaline solution with chloroform, CHCl3, or other halogeno compounds. During the reaction, an intermediate product called dichlorocarbene CH2Cl2 is formed, which then reacts with the … Read more
